The two numbers in a  fraction are called the numerator and the denominator.

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One simple way to remember which is which is to think of the 'N' for North on a compass or map. 'N' is at the top and the Numerator is at the top.

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Adding and subtracting fractions

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You may be asked to add together two fractions that have the same denominator. In this case you should leave the denominator unchanged, and just add or subtract the numerators.

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For example:

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You can also subtract one fraction from another in the same way, as long as they have the same denominator.

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For example:

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Multiplying fractions

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When multiplying a fraction, you should also leave the denominator unchanged, and just multiply the numerator.

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For example:

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This method will sometimes produce an answer that is greater than 1.

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For example:

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Fractions like 5/4, in which the numerator is greater than the denominator, are called 'improper fractions' or 'top heavy fractions'.

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5/4 can also be expressed as 1 1/4 (one and a quarter), which is a 'mixed fraction'. 

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Dividing fractions

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When dividing a fraction, you should once again leave the denominator unchanged, and just divide the numerator. This is simple as long as the division leaves no remainder. 

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For example:

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